Descripción de una nueva especie de Anastrepha grupo curvicauda (Diptera: Tephritidae) / Description of a new species of the Anastrepha curvicauda species group (Diptera: Tephritidae)

RESUMEN Las moscas del género Anastrepha, se consideran plagas de gran importancia económica, no solo por el daño directo que causan a la producción de fruta sino, también, por las restricciones de cuarentena impuestas a los países exportadores de fruta. Por lo tanto, preparar descripciones y generar herramientas de identificación taxonómica, que permitan un reconocimiento adecuado y oportuno de las especies de importancia agrícola, es una actividad básica para la sanidad de las plantas en los países productores y exportadores de frutas. En este trabajo, se describe e ilustra Anastrepha ligiae, una nueva especie del grupo Anastrepha curvicauda, capturada con trampas McPhail, en los municipios de Albán y Anolaima (Cundinamarca) y Vélez (Santander), Colombia y criados en la fruta de la papayuela Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC. (Caricaceae). V. pubescens, se registra por primera vez como una planta hospedante para el género Anastrepha.

ABSTRACT Fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha are considered pests of great economic importance because they do not only cause direct damage to the fruit production, but also due to the quarantine restrictions imposed to fruit exporting countries. Therefore, preparing descriptions and generating taxonomic identification tools that allow an appropriate and accurate recognition of the species of agricultural importance are basic plant health activities in the fruit producing and exporting countries. In this work, we describe and illustrate Anastrepha ligiae, a new species of the Anastrepha curvicauda group captured with McPhail traps in the municipalities of Albán and Anolaima (Cundinamarca) and Vélez (Santander), Colombia, and reared from papaya fruit Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC. (Caricaceae). V. pubescens is the first time recorded as a host plant of the genus Anastrepha.

Modified In-Office Maxillary Balloon Sinus Dilation for Post-Procedure Sinus Monitoring and Access

Abstract Introduction As experience grows with in-office balloon sinus dilation (BSD) procedures, technique modifications will evolve to meet specific needs. The major disadvantage with the maxillary BSD procedure is that the intact uncinate process prevents visualization of and instrument access into the maxillary sinus both intraoperatively and postoperatively. Combining a partial or complete uncinectomy procedure with maxillary BSD could be beneficial in selected patients with certain maxillary sinus problems. Objective The primary objective of this study was to see if, in selected patients, combining an uncinectomy and maxillary sinus BSD together allowed visualization of and access to the maxillary sinus cavity at the time of the procedure and at follow-up visits. Method A chart review was completed for BSD cases performed from 2013 through mid-2015 identifying patients who underwent partial or complete uncinectomy with in-office maxillary sinus BSD. A total of 14 patients were identified, with 26 sinuses treated. The data collected included: difficulty or problems in performing an uncinectomy with the maxillary sinus BSD; visualization and access to the maxillary sinus cavity both intraoperatively and at follow-up visits; and occurrence of complications or late adverse sequelae. All patients completed a minimum 6-month follow-up. Results Combined uncinectomy and maxillary sinus BSD procedures were easily completed for all patients without complications, and no late adverse sequelae were encountered. The maxillary sinuses could be visualized and accessed, if needed, intraoperatively and at all follow-up visits. Conclusions In selected subsets of maxillary sinus conditions this procedure modification can provide significant benefits. A case is presented for illustration.

Trauma raquimedular con cuerpo extraño en canal medular / Spinal cord injury with foreign body in the spinal canal

Objetivo: Describir la actuación médica ante un caso de trauma raquimedularpenetrante y su correlación con la arquitectura de la columna vertebral,realizando una revisión de la literatura del tema. Metodología: Presentacióndel caso, estudio de las situaciones de traslado y atención primaria, análisisbibliográfico sobre actuación y manejo en pacientes adultos con traumaraquimedular con cuerpo extraño alojado en canal raquídeo y manifestaciones neurológicas. Conclusión: El objetivo del cirujano radica principalmente en no hacer más daño al paciente del ya establecido, he aquí la importancia de la intervención quirúrgica temprana en trauma raquimedular. Antes de la intervención es necesario establecer con exactitud la posición del cuerpo extraño, para que al escindir sobre el campo operatorio se obtenga una visualización directa del elemento y que junto con ésta, se permita durante la inspección quirúrgica, la identificación de los daños medulares ocurridos por el objeto.

Pathology of congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil: a case series

Zika virus is an arthropod-borne virus that is a member of the family Flaviviridae transmitted mainly by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. Although usually asymptomatic, infection can result in a mild and self-limiting illness characterised by fever, rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis. An increase in the number of children born with microcephaly was noted in 2015 in regions of Brazil with high transmission of Zika virus. More recently, evidence has been accumulating supporting a link between Zika virus and microcephaly. Here, we describe findings from three fatal cases and two spontaneous abortions associated with Zika virus infection.

Nitric oxide: promoter or suppressor of programmed cell death?

Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived gaseous free radical that predominantly functions as a messenger and effector molecule. It affects a variety of physiological processes, including programmed cell death (PCD) through cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent and - independent pathways. In this field, dominant discoveries are the diverse apoptosis networks in mammalian cells, which involve signals primarily via death receptors (extrinsic pathway) or the mitochondria (intrinsic pathway) that recruit caspases as effector molecules. In plants, PCD shares some similarities with animal cells, but NO is involved in PCD induction via interacting with pathways of phytohormones. NO has both promoting and suppressing effects on cell death, depending on a variety of factors, such as cell type, cellular redox status, and the flux and dose of local NO. In this article, we focus on how NO regulates the apoptotic signal cascade through protein S-nitrosylation and review the recent progress on mechanisms of PCD in both mammalian and plant cells.

Comparison of mortality in mexican-american females and mexican american males following acute myocardial infarction

Acute myocardial infarction results in 7.2 million deaths per year world-wide. The treatment of AMI in the post-myocardial infarction period differs among the races and genders. This study investigated differences in mortality between Mexican American (MA) males and females, post-AMI who received BB therapy and those who did not receive BB therapy. Findings from this secondary analysis indicate that MA females experienced a higher mortality post-AMI compared to MA males. However, MA females taking BB therapy post-AMI had a reduced odds of mortality compared to MA males taking BB post-AMI. Interestingly, MA females were less likely to have received BB therapy post-AMI compared to MA males, despite its apparent benefit.